Types of verb roots in Sanskrit

There are basically three types of verb roots that are used in Sanskrit. Let me discuss all the three types.

परस्मैपदी
If a verb in present tense 3rd person Singular ends in ‘ति’, the verb root is called Parasmaipadi. Example would be गच्छति…

आत्मनेपदी

If a verb in present tense 3rd person Singular ends in ‘ते’, the verb root is called Atmanepadi. Example would be वन्दते…

उभयपदी

If a verb is conjugated in both Parasmaipadi and Atmanepadi forms, the verb root is designated as Ubhayapadi. It has both the forms ending with ‘ति’ and ‘ते’. Example would be पचति/पचते…

The below examples are for present tense only.

परस्मैपदी (वर्तमानकालः)
Singular Dual Plural
 3rd person गच्छति गच्छतः गच्छन्ति
2nd person गच्छसि गच्छथः गच्छथ
1st person गच्छामि गच्छावः गच्छामः

 

आत्मनेपदी (वर्तमानकालः)
Singular Dual Plural
3rd person वन्दते वनदेते वन्दन्ते
2nd person वन्दसे वन्देथे वन्दध्वे
1st person वन्दे वन्दावहे वन्दामहे

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